Defining Intellectual Disability: Intellectual Disability (ID), formerly known as mental retardation, is a developmental condition characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors. These limitations impact an individual's everyday social and practical skills and manifest during the developmental period, often before the age of 18.
Key Features of Intellectual Disability: Intellectual Functioning: Individuals with ID typically have below-average intellectual functioning, often measured by an Intelligence Quotient (IQ) below 70. Adaptive Behaviors: Challenges in adaptive behaviors, including communication, socialization, self-care, and daily living skills, affecting the ability to independently navigate daily life. Onset in Developmental Period: Symptoms and limitations become apparent during the developmental period, influencing educational, social, and vocational achievements.
Levels of Intellectual Disability:
Mild Intellectual Disability:
Individuals may have slightly below-average intellectual functioning and may require support in specific areas of life skills.
Moderate Intellectual Disability:
Moderate limitations in intellectual functioning, requiring more substantial support in daily living activities and adaptive behaviors.
Severe Intellectual Disability:
Significant intellectual limitations, necessitating extensive support for daily living, communication, and social interactions.
Profound Intellectual Disability:
Profound limitations in intellectual functioning, often requiring constant support and care.